Friday, May 22, 2020

Past Subjunctive in English Definition and Examples

Past subjunctive is a term in traditional grammar for the use of were in a clause that expresses an unreal or hypothetical condition in present, past, or future time (for example, If I were you . . .). Also known as the were-subjunctive and the irrealis were, the past subjunctive differs from the past indicative only in the first- and third-person singular of the past tense of be. The past subjunctive is primarily used in subordinate clauses that begin with (as) if or though. Examples and Observations [Her eye] was prominent, and showed a great deal of the white, and looked as steadily, as unwinkingly, at you as if it were a steel ball soldered in her head.(Charlotte Brontà «, Shirley, 1849)If she were truly sorry or even not sure she was right, she might apologize, but in this case shed be lying.(Cliff Coon, The Mending String, 2004)How can a person start off from Grand Isle to Mexico at a moments notice, as if he were going over to Kleins or to the wharf or down to the beach?(Kate Chopin, The Awakening, 1899)I always feel a little uneasy when Im with Marie Strickland, though not uncomfortable enough to wish she werent here.(P.D. James, The Murder Room, 2003)Suppose he were to come back to Paris and challenge Bunny to a duel?(Upton Sinclair, Oil! 1927)O would that she were here,That fair and gentle thing,Whose words are musical as strainsBreathed by the wind-harps string.(G.P. Morris, Lines for Music) An Untensed Form The meaning of the past subjunctive is not factual but counterfactual (e.g. [ I wish] he were here; If I were you . . .) or tentative (e.g. I would be surprised if he were to do that). . . .[T]he subjunctive were is not a relative tense form. Since, obviously, it is not an absolute tense form either (i.e. it does not relate its situation to the temporal zero-point), it can only be treated as an untensed form. In this respect, it resembles nonfinite verb forms, i.e. infinitives, participles, and gerunds. (Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, and Bert Cappelle, The Grammar of the English Tense System: A Comprehensive Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Formal Usage When the past subjunctive is used, a reference to a hypothetical or to a counterfactual situation is made, which may lie in the present, the past or the future (Example 10): (9) you could read page one-twenty-four, as if it were all simple past, right?(MICASE LEL300SU076)(10) [...] Jimmie wishes/wished/will wish his girlfriend were with him.(example by Depraetere Reed 2006: 271) The form were is used especially following constructions that express volition, such as the verbs wish and suppose (I wish he were here), the conjunctions as if, if only, as, though, whether (if I were you . . .), and the phrases would rather and would that (would that he were still alive). In non-formal contexts, however, the past form is often replaced by the past indicative was (I wish he was here) (Huddleston Pullum 2002: 86-89; Quirk et al. 1985: 148; 1013), i.e. modal preterite. So the past subjunctive counts as the more formal variant. (Alexander Bergs and Lena Heine, Mood in English. Mood in the Languages of Europe, ed. by Bjà ¶rn Rothstein and Rolf Thieroff. John Benjamins, 2010) Correctness and Acceptability Acceptability is not absolute, but is a matter of degree; one expression may be more or less acceptable than another. If I were in your shoes may be judged more acceptable than If I was in your shoes, but both are considerably more acceptable than If we was in your shoes. Moreover, acceptability is not abstract, but is related to some group of people whose response it reflects. (John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2010)

Saturday, May 9, 2020

The Upside to Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids

The Upside to Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids What You Must Know About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids You might also find the descriptive essay. You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. Before writing a comparative essay, you should first arm yourself with the information which you need. To write this kind of essay is quiet hard thing and it ought to be carried out responsibly. You might take a look at our Essay Outline Template to find the structures that you could use in writing informative essays and other types of pieces. Thus, you must be quite careful whilst crafting your compare and contrast an essay. Writing is a skill that someone can learn. You might also be assigned with writing about many other distinctive topics. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the legitimate collection of the very best. What you aspire to teach your reader will find out the sort of your essay. Whether there are words you don't know, grab a dictionary. An instance of the type of essay that lots of students would rather not need to write is a compare contrast essay. The Supreme Approach for Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids In both instances, the outcome is a finished essay. What remains unchecked ought to be handled in the contrast paragraphs. The conclusion is the simplest part. It seals the comparison essay and tries to close the issue. It truly is simple, because all you need to do is simply find facts and compare them! Below you'll find specific instructions about how to compose a comparison essay on any topic, which is well written and are going to have fantastic opportunity to acquire a high grade. Regardless of what topic you're working on, you must try and understand it before you search for essay examples! First you discuss the very first subject. Creating an outline is a significant portion of writing. You could also enjoy the outline examples. You might also enjoy the outline templates. You can also understand the evaluation essay templates. For example if you're comparing or contrasting orcas and dolphins it is possible to observe that both are cetaceous and reside in water. Your capability to produce a great paper is dependent on structuring an ideal outline. Another point to take into account is the sharpness and contrast that every lens produces in and about the flared areas. You may choose to try out two or three unique formats for your topic as a way to choose which best suits your subject. On-line learning offers a whole lot more flexibility. There are various terms that are utilised to for computers. When you receive the title and aspects to compare but without a definite number of criteria to cover similarities and differences, you've got to brainstorm. It's possible to discover some info about various formats of accounts. What You Should Do to Find Out About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids Before You're Left Behind Comparable to the manner of the paper itself, the tutorial is going to be listed so as to reproduce it. You're not a computer and won't ever remember your thoughts if you don't write them down. The Tried and True Method for Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for Kids in Step by Step Detail Just follow courses with high ratings and many chances you'll wind up happy with results. If you would like to acquire high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. Bas ed on the sort of work you're citing, you might have to include extra info. Also, there's a lot of helpful info on the website. The computer software may be used as additional essay help. You will discover information and a URL to a membership application. The classes are offered on a per diem basis, so there is not any demand for a month-to-month subscription or membership fee.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development Free Essays

Introduction Play is an integral part of child development throughout the early years of every child’s life. This is because it permits children to practice their imagination while developing their mind, agility, bodily, cognitive, and expressive strength. Play is important to on-going healthy brain development. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children are known to use play at the early stages of life to interact and make sense of the world around them. As they master their world, play assists children progress onto innovative abilities that lead to enriched self-confidence and the resiliency they will need to deal with challenges they may come across in the future.2 Above all, many believe that play is a simple yet effective enjoyment that is cherished as part of being a child. There are two categories of play that have been identified; Undirected play which is when children are allowed to play on their own, and directed play which is stimulated play through adult supervision or help. Undirected play lets children learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate by building their communication skills, to resolve encounters, and to learn self-advocacy skills.3,4 When play is allowed to be child driven, children practice decision-making skills, move at their own pace, discover their own areas of interest, and finally participate completely in the desires they wish to follow.3,4 Rather, much of play encompasses adults, but when play is organised by adults, children comply to adult instructions and apprehensions and lose some of the advantages play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills.5 In contrast to submissive amusement, play shapes active, fit physiques. In fact, it has been proposed that inspiring unstructured play may be an excellent way to increase physical activity levels in children, which is one vital approach in the resolution of the obesity epidemic.6,7 Furthermore, the act of playing is fundamental to the academic setting. It safeguards that the school setting attends to the social and emotional growth of children as well as their cognitive development. It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and even to enhance children’s learning readiness, learning behaviours, and problem-solving skills.8 Social-emotional familiarity is best combined with school learning; it is worrying if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are elevated at the expense of others. Play and unscheduled time that allow for peer interactions are imperative constituents of social-emotional development. There are particular attributes that are developed in children through the activity of play which is why it is so highly regarded in the early years of the academic syllabus. The well-known psychologist, Piaget, identified play and imitation as an integral part of learning and development and outlined the benefits a child got from playing. He said play was used as a vehicle for overcoming egocentrism. This refers to the pre-school child’s inability to grasp another’s point of view by empathising. By socialising through play and social interaction, other individuals needs can become a focus for the child and therefore develop their cognition further from their own needs. Secondly, he has mentioned that it can be used as a means of accommodating and assimilating reality. Accommodating is when the child takes material into their cognition from the environment, which may mean changing the evidence of their senses to make it fit. Thus accommodating is a result of assimilatio n for the child as they ‘accommodate’ their senses through play to make them fit. Piaget had come up with the notion that play is almost pure assimilation without the need to acquaint one’s self with external realism. For example a child who plays â€Å"airplane† with a rectangular block is usually unconcerned about the requirement of certain essential design to overcome gravity or to make use of air pressure. The child is merely assimilating the wooden block into existing schemata of airplanes. The opposite of this almost pure assimilation is imitation, or the child’s serious attempt to accommodate to outer reality. For example if an ambulance arrives outside the school due to a child falling over. A couple of days after the incident the children were playing in the playground. A child acts this out and has an accident. The children took the roles of the paramedics and the people caught in the injured child. As they play this situation through, they were making a serious attempt to accommodate the reality which they had seen and heard about. Assimilation and accommodation are both included in the interaction which unites the individual child to the environment and the child’s reality. The give and take in play and imitation is one way that the child learns about the child’s world. Piaget’s theory on play goes on to develop these terms further by theorising that in both play and deferred imitation, the child is learning about symbols, or he is learning that one thing can stand for something else. A child puts on a hat and becomes a police man or a cowboy. The hat is the symbol for the role. Play itself is a symbolic representation of the child’s own inner world. Last but not least Piaget supports his developmental stages through play. His preoperational stage which is when the child uses its senses to discover the world is achieved through the act of playing. The child learns through first-hand experiences by touching, tasting, smelling and later through actual hands on experiences with material, equipment and ideas. Play provides the child with real experiences to try out and develop cognition and physicality. As shown above through much research and Piaget’s own research and theories, that play is a much needed part of children’s development and growing up. They are able to discover all sorts of ideas, objects, concepts and experiences through the act of playing. Playing in conclusion will always be regarded as a vital concept of life as it is taken seriously in academic situations as well as in the homes with the child’s parents. References 1, Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA, eds. From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000 2, Erickson RJ. Play contributes to the full emotional development of the child. Education.1985;105 :26 3, Pellegrini AD, Smith PK. The development of play during childhood: forms and possible functions. Child Psychol Psychiatry Rev.1998;3 :51– 57 4, McElwain EL, Volling BL. Preschool children’s interactions with friends and older siblings: relationship specificity and joint contributions to problem behaviors. J Fam Psychol.2005;19 :486– 496 5, MacDonald KB. Parent-Child Play: Descriptions and Implications.Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; 1993 6, Burdette HL, Whitaker RC. Resurrecting free play in young children: looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.2005;159 :46– 50 7, American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. Active healthy living: prevention of childhood obesity through increased physical activity.Pediatrics.2006:117 :1834– 1842 8, Coolahan K, Fantuzzo J, Mendez J, McDermott P. Preschool peer interactions and readiness to learn: relationships between classroom peer play and learning behaviors and conduct. J Educ Psychol.2000;92 :458– 465 Accessed 08/08/12 How to cite Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development, Essay examples